Analysis of Perceived Causes and Consequences of Herders–Farmers Conflicts on Cassava and Yam Production in Southeast Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined perceived causes of herder–farmer conflicts in Southeast Nigeria and their economic consequences for cassava and yam production. Primary data were collected from a random sample of 240 farmers using structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Descriptive analysis identified the principal perceived drivers as crop destruction by cattle (x̄ = 3.94), water pollution (x̄ = 3.90), sexual harassment of women by herders (x̄ = 3.85), and competition for land and water (x̄ = 3.80). Respondents reported economic impacts that included farm abandonment (x̄ = 3.26), reduced cultivated area (x̄ = 2.62), and decreased crop output (x̄ = 3.89). Simple linear regression analyses showed a statistically significant negative association between conflict and cassava production (β = −0.007, p < 0.05) and between conflict and yam output (β = −0.002, p < 0.05), suggesting that higher perceived conflict levels are associated with lower production of these two tuber crops. Since the study adopted a cross-sectional data design and the regression analysis was based on perception scores, these findings indicate association rather than causation, as other unmeasured factors may also affect cassava production in the study area. The study recommends strengthening local conflict‑resolution mechanisms, improving land‑use management and policies, and implementing targeted security measures to reduce crop losses and encourage return to cultivation.

            Keywords: Herder-farmer, conflict, Cassava production, Yam production,         Economic impact